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Government Budget Allocations For Research And Development (GBARD)
Indicator detail
8.1.2 Government budget allocations for research and development (GBARD)
Metadata
| Relevance/rationale of the indicator (resp. why the indicator was chosen to measure the target and how it is suitable for these purposes) | Public support for research and development activities is currently one of the main pillars of the research, development and innovation funding system in the Czech Republic. Statistics of state budget expenditures on research and development provide data on direct public support for research and development, broken down by socio-economic goals defined according to the NABS classification. The data from these statistics serve as support for deciding which areas should be targeted for research and development support from public sources. |
| Target value of the indicator and its evaluation | GBARD as % of GDP: to spend 1% of GDP on public support of R&D by 2025. See following documents: Innovation Strategy of the Czech Republic 2019–2030 (https://www.vyzkum.cz/FrontClanek.aspx?idsekce=867922) and National Research, Development and Innovation Policy of the Czech Republic 2021+ (https://www.vyzkum.cz/FrontClanek.aspx?idsekce=932081) |
| Definition | Direct government support for research and development is monitored by the internationally comparable GBARD (Government Budget Appropriations for R&D) statistic. GBARD statistic is made with annual periodicity based on the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council and on the methodology provided in the Frascati Manual (OECD, 2015). A list of socio-economic objectives is provided in the Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison of Scientific Programmes and Budgets (NABS, Eurostat 2007). In the Czech Republic, GBARD statistic is compiled based on administrative data obtained from the Information system of research, development, and innovation. Data are also partially obtained directly from individual providers of public support of R&D. Statistics of direct government support of R&D takes into account terminology and specification of expenditure pursuant to the Act No 130/2002 Sb, on the Support of Research, Experimental Development, and Innovations from Public Funds (as amended). GBARD includes in the case of the Czech Republic all financial sources provided from the state budget to support R&D, including sources flowing to the R&D abroad. According to the valid international methodology, the government support of R&D excludes support of R&D via loans to be repaid, pre-financing of programmes of the EU covered by income from the European Union, and support of innovations. All data on the total direct government support of R&D from the state budget for the area of research, development, and innovation result from data provided in the State Final Account of the Czech Republic for the area of R&D. It applies to expenditure, which was really drawn for R&D from the state budget in the given year (not to amounts approved in the Act on the State Budget of the CR for the given year). Research and experimental development comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge. For more information see: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, Frascati Manual, OECD, 2015 (https://www.oecd.org/publications/frascati-manual-2015-9789264239012-en.htm). |
| Measuring unit | Million CZK, % |
| Indicator disaggregation | Breakdown of government budget allocations for R&D by: Type of expenditure Mode of support Providers Beneficiaries Socioeconomic objectives (NABS 2007 classification) CZ-NUTS 3 Regions |
| Reference period (resp. the period to which the indicator relates) | Year |
| Related geographical area | CZ (NUTS 0), region (NUTS 3) |
| Comment | The government is the second most important source of R&D funding in the Czech Republic. In the last 12 years, from 2010 till 2021, the government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) reached the total amount of CZK 360 billion, thus contributing to one third of total R&D expenditures (GERD) in the Czech Republic in this period. In 2021, the state supported R&D from its budget in the amount of CZK 38 billion. Compared to the previous year, the GBARD remained almost identical, but the share of GBARD in total state budget expenditure has been declining since 2018. From a peak of 2.4% in 2017, the share has fallen to 2.01% in 2021. In the long term, more than half of GBARD goes towards the General advancement of knowledge. This is mainly about supporting basic research carried out at universities and workplaces of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. In 2021, a total of CZK 22 billion was spent on this General advancement of knowledge, with CZK 12.6 billion going to R&D related to Natural Sciences. Just under CZK 3 billion was earmarked for R&D to Engineering Sciences and CZK 2 billion was allocated for R&D related to Humanities and Arts and the same amount of funding was used as government support for R&D related to Social Sciences and also for R&D related to Medical Sciences. In the area of specific objectives, in 2021 the state released the most funds (CZK 4.6 billion) to support R&D in the field of Industrial production and technology. Government R&D budgets in the amount of CZK 2.5 billion were allocated for specific research in the field of health and CZK 1.5 billion was used to support energy research, which represented 4% of total GBARD. Roughly 2% of the total GBARD was allocated to the environment, which amounted to less than CZK 900 million. In 2021, government R&D budgets in the amount of CZK 123 million was directed to defense research. For the purpose of international comparison, the total GBARD is compared to GDP or total public expenditure. GBARD's share of GDP in Czechia, except in 2016 and 2020, oscillates between 0.60 and 0.64%. In 2021, the share corresponds to 0.63% of GDP. In 2021, government budget expenditures on research and development in EU countries reached a total of 109 billion euros. In Czechia, the share of government budget expenditure on research and development per GDP (0.63%) was below the EU average, which reached 0.75%. The GBARD as percentage of GDP was the highest in Germany (1.1%) and Denmark (0.97%). |
| Update periodicity | Annually |
| Time coverage since | 2010 |
| Time coverage until | 2021 |
| Time series available at the data provider since | 2002 |
| Data publication date (resp. the date when the data provider publishes (regularly) data; it is given in the format T + the number of days, months or years when T is the end of the reference period) | T+12 |
| Contact point - data provider - e-mail | vaclav.sojka@czso.cz |
| Contact point - data provider - name | Václav Sojka |
| Data source | Czech Statistical Office |
| Data origin | the Information system of research, development, and innovation, the e-state treasury register, information from providers and beneficiaries of government budget allocations for R&D |
| Links to detailed metadata or methodology | https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/statni-rozpoctove-vydaje-na-vyzkum-a-vyvoj https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/gba_esms.htm |
| Links to international comparison | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/science-technology-innovation/data/database oe.cd/rds https://www.oecd.org/sti/msti.htm |